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Backhoe
The Backhoe is one of the most commonly seen pieces of Construction Equipment because of its Adaptability. Its Cousin, the front end Loader, is also a smaller Piece of Equipment that has a Broad Bucket like the one on the front of the Backhoe for Hauling Soil, Debris, and Materials, and Lifting them up into Trucks.
Backhoe is Hydraulic Pressure
Hydraulic Lines, a Reservoir of Hydraulic Fluid, a Pump, and a Series of Pistons allow the Machine Operator to extend its Arm and Cut through Soil with a toothed Bucket. The Pump Exerts Pressure on the Hydraulic Fluid, and Operating the Levers opens a valve that Releases the Oil into a Piston.
Backhoe Standard Equipment:
Backhoe Standard Equipment is a Narrow Bucket on the Rear end and a Loader on the Front. The Operator effectively makes either Device the Working end by simply Rotating his Chair and Operating a different set of Controls. If the Bucket is being used, the Flat Front end of the Loader is set down on the ground to Stabilize the Vehicle.
Raw Materials:
Backhoe Manufacturers purchase many of its Parts as SubAssemblies, or Partially Assembled Smaller Units, that the Manufacturer then completes. The Manufacture of SubAssemblies may be done by a number of independent Firms that Specialize in Metal Fabrication, Hydraulics, or other Specialties.
Thicker Steel Plates:
The thicker Steel Plates are used for Structural Parts of the Backhoe, and the thin Steel is for Housings and Cosmetics. Plastics Comprise the Trim in the Interior and around the Exterior of the Cab and a Temperature Resistant Composite Plastic is used for the Air Cleaner Housing. Seals are made of a High Grade Elastomeric Plastic that can Withstand high Temperatures and Pressures.
Design:
Basic Design, of the Backhoe was clearly defined by the Construction Industry that uses it. Leading Manufacturers like Case Corporation Rely on Surveys among their Customers to Collect Data Leading to Design Modifications. The Company defines the Product based on a list of Attributes, and these Attributes are Ranked in importance and in Actual Performance or Delivery by the Customers.
The Manufacturing Process:
Receiving and Assembling the SubAssemblies:
Manufacturing begins at the Receiving Docks of the Factory. Purchased Components are Unloaded, Inventoried, and Stored at a number of Docks and then directed toward Subassembly Cells. These Cells are a number of Work areas Where Components and SubAssemblies are put together in more units or Sub Assemblies.
Canopy type Cab:
The Components of a Canopy type Cab will go to one Cell where the Steel Canopy Components are cleaned of Oil. One side of the Canopy is tack Welded together by a Robotic Welder and then Final Welded. While the Robot Welds, the Subassembly Operator Loads the Components for the other side. It is Welded in two steps, and the parts of the Canopy are Welded together, also in a tack and final Weld.
Canopy type Cab:
The Backhoe Casting has not been Machined. In a Subassembly Cell, it is Machined in a Flexible Machining Center that is Computer Controlled. Bushings are Fitted to the Machined Casting, and the Backhoe Subassembly is Fed through the Painting Center to the Next Assembly area.
Painting and Curing:
As the Structural SubAssemblies are Completed, all are Conveyed through the Painting Center. The Pieces are Primed using an Electrical Deposition Process that Provides a Protective Paint Layer. This is called an "E-coat" for the Electrical method and is also Termed a Robust Process. The Final Coat of Paint is applied manually.
Hydraulic Cylinders and Radiator:
Fittings are added in a Subassembly area, where they are E-coated, Hand-Painted, and Oven Cured. Connections are added so that Water Lines may be attached to the Radiator and to the Engine. Other SubAssemblies for the Cooling, Fuel, and Lubrication Systems are Fumished with appropriate Connections, attached Lines, and sometimes, Pumps and Valves.
Final Assembly:
All of the SubAssemblies meet each other in the Assembly area. There is No Lost Motion for the Assemblers. Each Chassis is set on its on Assembly Cart with its Front and Rear Axles and Built up from the Deck to the Cab. The Cab and Canopy are Assembled at another area; when each unit is Finished, it is Carried to the Chassis Assembly Line and attached to the Completed Chassis.
Engine, Radiator, Transmission, Hydraulic System are Mounted onto the Chassis:
Other Systems like the Fuel, Coolant, and exhaust Components are also Mounted on the Chassis. Hoses and other Fittings are Attached, and Supporting Flanges or Brackets are added as Appropriate. The two Buckets the Backhoe and the Loader are the last of the large Components to be put in Place, using Large Pins that Fit the inset Lugs and Bushings. Their Hydraulics are Fitted, Tightened, and Tested.
The Electrical System is the last to be Connected:
All of the Fluid bearing Systems are attached and Tested first. Batteries, Electrical Connections for lighted Controls in the Cab, and Lighting are Hooked up. Final body Rails and Handles are Bolted in Place, and Trim is added.
Pre Painted in the Subassembly Stage:
Although all the Major Parts were Pre Painted in the Subassembly Stage, the finished Backhoe makes a last Visit to the Paint booth for a Final Coat. Decals and Warning Labels are applied to Specific Locations based on a Template, and each Completed Backhoe is Driven off the Assembly line on its own Power to the Testing area for Evaluation.
Quality Control:
Quality begins outside the Backhoe Factory with each of the Subcontracted Suppliers. They are given Product Specifications as well as lists of key or Critical Characteristics that might not be immediately Obvious from the Specifications. The Suppliers perform their own Quality inspections and Certify their Products with data from those inspections.
Station Control Documentation:
They are logged in and inspected at the Receiving Dock, then Assemblers inspect to make Sure they Meet the specified Criteria at each stage of Assembly. Each Assembler on the Line has the Authority to Reject Parts or SubAssemblies Throughout the Process.
Manufacturer also Performs Random Audits:
Inspectors may Look at Components, Entire Systems, or SubAssemblies and Pull them off the Line for inspection. The Purposes of these Audits are to Check the items against Specifications, Confirm the Observations of the Assemblers, train Assemblers in the Finer Points of inspections, and maintain the High Standards established by the Manufacturer.
Final Check is Performed on each Backhoe:
The Inspector uses a checklist to Validate a set of Criteria for the Machine function; for example, there should not be any Leaks, Torque Levels should be appropriate to the Pieces, and Moving Parts should move according to a set of Clearly defined Motions and Limits of Motion.
ByProducts/Waste:
The Derivatives or Models may differ in Size, Scale, Horsepower, or Engine Displacement. Current line of Backhoes includes a Model that is a Loader only. With a three Point Hitch and Landscaping Tools that are Manufactured as a Separate set of Accessories, the Loader becomes a Loader or Landscaper, and its uses are Multiplied.
Scrap is not generated in the Assembly Process
This internal System Discharges into the Local city Wastewater System, so an external Monitor Confirms that there are no Contaminants in the Discharged Water. Other Materials Card Board Packaging and Wooden Pallets are Reusable or can be Recycled.
Quality Function Deployment:
Three or four Prototypes of the new Design are Built, and Customers are invited to Visit the Manufacturing Plant for Customer Clinics, During which the Proto types are Examined and Tested. The Manufacturer then Performs its own Durability, Reliability, and other Tests and analyzes Cost and Manufacturability of the Redesigned Product.
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