Mercury

Mercury Mercury is usually produced from Cinnabar Rock, also known as Mercury Ore. The Rock contains Mercury Sulfide, which gives it its red color. The Sulfur combines with Oxygen and the Mercury turns to Vapor at a Boiling Point of 674 degrees F (356 degrees C). The Vapor is condensed to form Liquid Mercury.

Synthetic Mercuric Sulfide: Mercury occurs in deposits throughout the world mostly as Cinnabar. The red Pigment Vermilion is Obtained by Grinding Natural Cinnabar or Synthetic Mercuric Sulfide. Mercury is used in Thermometers, Barometers, Manometers, Sphygmomanometers, Float Valves, Mercury Switches, Mercury Relays, Fluorescent Lamps and other Devices.

Chemical Properties: Mercury does not react with most Acids, such as Dilute Sulfuric Acid, although Oxidizing Acids such as Concentrated Sulfuric Acid and Nitric Acid or Aqua regia dissolve it to give Sulfate, Nitrate, and Chloride. Like Silver, Mercury reacts with Atmospheric Hydrogen Sulfide. Mercury reacts with solid Sulfur Flakes, which are used in Mercury Spill Kits to Absorb Mercury.

Occurrence: Mercury is an Extremely Rare element in Earth Crust, having an average Crustal Abundance by mass of only 0.08 Parts Per Million (ppm). Because it does not Blend Geochemically with those Elements that Constitute the Majority of the Crustal Mass, Mercury ores can be Extraordinarily concentrated Considering the elements Abundance in Ordinary Rock.

Applications: The Bulb of a Mercury in Glass Thermometer Mercury is used Primarily for the Manufacture of Industrial Chemicals or for Electrical and Electronic Applications.

Medicine: Mercury and its Compounds have been used in Medicine, although they are much less Common today than they once were, now that the Toxic effects of Mercury and its Compounds are more Widely Understood.

Toxicity and Safety: The most Toxic Forms of Mercury are its Organic Compounds, such as Dimethyl Mercury and Methyl Mercury. Mercury can cause both Chronic and Acute Poisoning.

The Manufacturing Process: The Process for Extracting Mercury from its Ores has not changed much. Cinnabar ore is Crushed and Heated to Release the Mercury as a Vapor. The Mercury Vapor is then Cooled, Condensed, and Collected. Almost 95% of the Mercury content of Cinnabar ore can be recovered using this process.

Mining: Cinnabar ore Occurs in Concentrated Deposits Located at or near the surface. About 90% of these Deposits are Deep enough to require underground Mining with Tunnels. The remaining 10% can be Excavated from Open Pits.

Quality Control: Commercial Grade Mercury with 99.9% Purity is called Prime Virgin Grade Mercury. Ultrapure Mercury is usually produced by the Triple Distillation method and is called Triple Distilled Mercury. Quality Control Inspections of the Roasting and Condensing Process consist of Spot Checking the Condensed Liquid Mercury for the Presence of Foreign Metals, since those are the most common Contaminants. The presence of Gold, Silver, and Base Metals is Detected using various chemical Testing Methods.

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